The ocean (also the sea or the world ocean) is the body of salt water that covers approximately 70.8% of the surface of Earth and contains 97% of Earth's water. An ocean can also refer to any of the large bodies of water into which the world ocean is conventionally divided. Separate names are used to identify five different areas of the ocean: Pacific (the largest), Atlantic, Indian, Southern (Antarctic), and Arctic (the smallest). Seawater covers approximately 361,000,000 km2 (139,000,000 sq mi) of the planet. The ocean is the principal component of Earth's hydrosphere, and therefore integral to life on Earth. Acting as a huge heat reservoir, the ocean influences climate and weather patterns, the carbon cycle, and the water cycle.
Oceanographers divide the ocean into different vertical and horizontal zones based on physical and biological conditions. The pelagic zone consists of the water column from surface to ocean floor throughout the open ocean. The water column is further categorized in other zones depending on depth and on how much light is present. The photic zone includes water from the surface to a depth of 1% of the surface light (about 200 m in the open ocean), where photosynthesis can occur. This makes the photic zone the most biodiverse. Photosynthesis by plants and microscopic algae (free floating phytoplankton) creates organic matter using light, water, carbon dioxide, and nutrients. Ocean photosynthesis creates 50% of the oxygen in earth's atmosphere. This upper sunlit zone is the origin of the food supply which sustains most of the ocean ecosystem. Light only penetrates to a depth of a few hundred meters; the remaining ocean below is cold and dark. The continental shelf where the ocean approaches dry land is more shallow, with a depth of a few hundred meters or less. Human activity has a greater impact on the continental shelf.
Ocean temperatures depend on the amount of solar radiation reaching the ocean surface. In the tropics, surface temperatures can rise to over 30 °C (86 °F). Near the poles where sea ice forms, the temperature in equilibrium is about −2 °C (28 °F). Deep seawater temperature is between −2 °C (28 °F) and 5 °C (41 °F) in all parts of the ocean. Water continuously circulates in the oceans creating ocean currents. These directed movements of seawater are generated by forces acting upon the water, including temperature differences, atmospheric circulation (wind), the Coriolis effect and differences in salinity. Tidal currents originate from tides, while surface currents are caused by wind and waves. Major ocean currents include the Gulf Stream, Kuroshio Current, Agulhas Current and Antarctic Circumpolar Current. Collectively, currents move enormous amounts of water and heat around the globe. This circulation significantly impacts global climate and the uptake and redistribution of pollutants such as carbon dioxide by moving these contaminants from the surface into the deep ocean.
Ocean water contains large quantities of dissolved gases, including oxygen, carbon dioxide and nitrogen. This gas exchange takes place at the ocean surface and solubility depends on the temperature and salinity of the water. The increasing concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere due to fossil fuel combustion leads to higher concentrations in ocean water, resulting in ocean acidification. The ocean provides society with important environmental services, including climate regulation. It also offers a means of trade and transport and access to food and other resources. Known to be the habitat of over 230,000 species, it may contain far more – perhaps over two million species. However, the ocean is subject to numerous environmental threats, including marine pollution, overfishing, ocean acidification and other effects of climate change. The continental shelf and coastal waters that are most influenced by human activity are especially vulnerable.
The highly acclaimed second instalment in the STAR OCEAN series, returns as STAR OCEAN THE SECOND STORY R.
Brought to life with a unique 2.5D aesthetic, which fuses 2D pixel characters and 3D environments, this remake includes everything that made the original release so great while adding new...
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Access on mobile and TV
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Released on 11/16/09 by Universal Records
Main artists: Owl City
Genre: Electronic
16-Bit CD Quality
44.1 kHz - Stereo
Tracklist:
1. Cave In (Album Version)
2. The Bird And The Worm (Album Version)
3. Hello Seattle (Album Version)
4. Umbrella Beach (Album Version)
5. The Saltwater Room (Album...
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Black apples exist
We tend to think of apples as being red, though there are, of course, some popular green and yellow varieties. But did you know there are also black apples? Called Black Diamond apples, they're found in Tibet and are from the Hua Niu family of apples, also known as Chinese...
Shark's don't technically sleep
It was originally believed that sharks don't sleep because they always need to stay moving in order for oxygen-rich water to flow through their gills, which is how they breathe.
However, that theory was disproved when scientists observed how sharks are able to...
DID YOU KNOW? 💭
A Blue Whales tongue can weigh as much as a car, or a small ãdül† elephant.
Blue whales are the largest animals ever known to have lived on Earth. These magnificent marine mammals rule the oceans at up to 100 feet long and upwards of 200 tons. Their tongues alone can weigh as...
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Did You Know That There's a Tunnel Under Ocean Blvd is the ninth studio album by American singer-songwriter Lana Del Rey, released on March 24, 2023, by Interscope and Polydor Records. The album features production by Del Rey, Mike Hermosa, Jack Antonoff, Drew Erickson, Zach Dawes, and Benji and...
ABOUT STAR OCEAN THE DIVINE FORCE
[Fly Around Areas Freely] In STAR OCEAN THE DIVINE FORCE, characters can freely move in 360° degrees and roam the skies. [Move and explore freely in three dimensions: everything you see can be explored!] You can move in three dimensions whilst flying around the...
Raft Survival - Ocean Nomad v1.214.2
Requirements: 5.0+
Overview: Raft Survival: Ocean Nomad – is an adventure survival game on a raft in the ocean. Fight enemies in the ocean, craft all kinds of items and weapons, explore new territories and uninhabited islands.
Welcome to the raft...
The time it takes to fully remove oil from the ocean after an oil spill depends on several factors, including the size and location of the spill, the type of oil spilled, the weather and ocean conditions, and the cleanup methods used.
In some cases, oil s***** can be contained and cleaned up...
Raft Survival - Ocean Nomad v1.214.1
Requirements: 5.0+
Overview: Raft Survival: Ocean Nomad – is an adventure survival game on a raft in the ocean. Fight enemies in the ocean, craft all kinds of items and weapons, explore new territories and uninhabited islands.
Welcome to the raft...
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Set in 2011 in the United States, Jolyne Cujoh is sentenced to 15 years in prison after being involved in a car accident and being framed for a murder. She is imprisoned at Green Dolphin Street Prison near Port St. Lucie, Florida, nicknamed the "Aquarium." Her father, Jotaro Kujo, gives her a...