A keep (from the Middle English kype) is a type of fortified tower built within castles during the Middle Ages by European nobility. Scholars have debated the scope of the word keep, but usually consider it to refer to large towers in castles that were fortified residences, used as a refuge of last resort should the rest of the castle fall to an adversary. The first keeps were made of timber and formed a key part of the motte-and-bailey castles that emerged in Normandy and Anjou during the 10th century; the design spread to England, south Italy and Sicily. As a result of the Norman invasion of 1066, use spread into Wales during the second half of the 11th century and into Ireland in the 1170s. The Anglo-Normans and French rulers began to build stone keeps during the 10th and 11th centuries; these included Norman keeps, with a square or rectangular design, and circular shell keeps. Stone keeps carried considerable political as well as military importance and could take up to a decade or more to build.
During the 12th century, new designs began to be introduced – in France, quatrefoil-shaped keeps were introduced, while in England polygonal towers were built. By the end of the century, French and English keep designs began to diverge: Philip II of France built a sequence of circular keeps as part of his bid to stamp his royal authority on his new territories, while in England castles were built without keeps. In Spain, keeps were increasingly incorporated into both Christian and Islamic castles, although in Germany tall fighting towers called bergfriede were preferred to keeps in the western fashion. In the second half of the 14th century, there was a resurgence in the building of keeps. In France, the keep at Vincennes began a fashion for tall, heavily machicolated designs, a trend adopted in Spain most prominently through the Valladolid school of Spanish castle design. Meanwhile, tower keeps in England became popular amongst the most wealthy nobles: these large keeps, each uniquely designed, formed part of the grandest castles built during the period.
In the 15th century, the protective function of keeps was compromised by improved artillery. For example, in 1464 during the Wars of the Roses, the keep in the Bamburgh Castle, previously considered to be impregnable, was defeated with bombards. By the 16th century, keeps were slowly falling out of fashion as fortifications and residences. Many were destroyed in civil wars between the 17th and 18th centuries or incorporated into gardens as an alternative to follies. During the 19th century, keeps became fashionable once again and in England and France, a number were restored or redesigned by Gothic architects. Despite further damage to many French and Spanish keeps during the wars of the 20th century, keeps now form an important part of the tourist and heritage industry in Europe.
pa help mga paps bigla nalang nag kaganto . Everytime na gusto ko mag print nag freeze / white screen yung software word, ppt, excel even sa browser if gusto ko mag print nag cacrashed but kapag di naman ako nag pprint okay naman walang freeze / white screen.
Good day guys, latest update ni chrome hindi na ako maka chat sa chrome pag wala akong load paano po ito mabalik sa dati ayaw gumana ng messenger ko pag walang load ito nalabas sa chrome pag nag click sa message " use messenger to keep chatting "
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Hidden content
Hidden...
No need shizuko, no need root
May need ka bang idownload na resources kaso nag-ooff ang screen ng phone mo?
Hidden content
Just install the latest release tas ilagay mo ang icon sa notification center ng phone mo. Pag i-on mo yan, di na mamamatay ang screen ng phone mo, unless ilock mo ang...
NoLoad | What's New | DKA System Version 2.4.5 | Sokpaaa!
Updated Version
Q1)
What's you should do to avoid encountering issues using DKA System?
A1)
You should carefully re-read all steps and feedbacks from old versions to new versions, skip only if already done reviews.
Q2)
Is it necessary...
Download Athene app play store ref code: aa31029120dd
Claim every 12 hrs with staking
UpRock
UPT 0.61 UPT mining
Earning by sharing you unused bandwidth pwede I run habang nag lalaro or nag ffb
Ice - The Decentralized Future
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Maraming Salamat po!
'Dune' sequel pushed to next year due to strikes, other Warner Bros films keep 2023 dates
Philstar.com
MANILA, Philippines — Denis Villeneuve's sequel to his 2021 space epic "Dune" based on the novel by Frank Herbert is the latest blockbuster to be affected by the ongoing strikes in...
Courage is more exhilarating than fear and in the long run it is easier. We do not have to become heroes overnight. Just one step at a time, meeting each thing that comes up, seeing it is not as dreadful as it appeared, discovering we have the strength to stare it down.” – Eleanor Roosevelt
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In Milan, It's a legal requirement to smile at all times
If you're feeling blue, then you better stay away from Milan. In the Italian city, it's a legal requirement for people to smile at all times. The only exception to this seemingly strict, happiness-enforcing rule is during funerals or...
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Phivolcs said rockfall events in Mayon have increased in frequency since the last week of April.
These increased from an average of five per day to 49 events per day recorded from 5 a.m. of June 4 to 5 a.m. of June 5 – along with a total of 318 rockfall events...
Pahelp po mga Ka PHC , paano po Masoslusyunan ito. Restart ng restart PC ko . Di na naooopen sa Homepage ng Windows . hanggang dyan nlng sa Blue screen Nayan . Paulit² lng Blue screen na ganyan
Your PC ran into a problem and needs to restart. We're just collecting some error info, and then we'll...
Answer #1:
It’s nearly impossible unless you have no problem being arrested for assault.
They are not preaching to you, but preaching at you!
When they start, walk away. If they follow, don’t be polite and tell them to stop harassing you.
Answer #2:
Invite them in for a satanic child...
Google maps is smart enough to keep the screen on while using the navigation mode. But when I'm simply viewing the map, it doesn't keep the screen on. How do I prevent the screen from timing out when using google maps without having to set a destination?
Thanks in advance.
Coffee allows you to keep the display awake without having to change the device settings. It can be toggled at various places:
A tile in the quick settings, the place that holds the toggles for e.g. Wi-Fi and Bluetooth. Requires Android 7 or higher.
A button in the app itself
A shortcut on your...
TIKTOK is once again fending off claims that its Chinese parent company, ByteDance, would share user data from its popular video-sharing app with the Chinese government, or push propaganda and misinformation on its behalf.
In this photo illustration the social media application logo for TikTok...
Keep-Alive.Apk
The description of Network KeepAlive
Some networks, usually WiFi, will require you to login again after short periods of inactivity.
This can be very disruptive if you are not actively using your connection, but still want to receive email or other push notifications when they...