1. Equality refers to the state of being equal in terms of rights, opportunities, and treatment without discrimination based on aspects such as race, gender, socio-economic status, or other personal characteristics.
2. Social inequality refers to the unequal distribution of resources and opportunities among individuals or groups in a society, based on characteristics such as social class, race, gender, and age.
3. Social capital refers to the connections, networks, and relationships that individuals and groups have with one another, which enable them to access resources, information, and support.
4. Political capital refers to the influence and power that individuals or groups have in the political arena, which allows them to shape policies and decisions that affect them and others.
5. Symbolic capital refers to the value placed on certain cultural, social, or educational assets, which can confer status or prestige on individuals or groups.
Factors contributing to social inequality of educational attainment:
- Socio-economic background: Children from disadvantaged backgrounds may not have access to the same educational resources as those from affluent families, which can limit their educational opportunities.
- Race and ethnicity: Minorities may face discrimination and racism in the education system, which can impact their educational attainment.
- Gender: Girls and women may face gender stereotyping, bias, and discrimination, which can limit their access to education and career opportunities.
Factors contributing to social inequality of wealth and poverty:
- Income and wealth distribution: Unequal distribution of income and wealth can lead to poverty and social inequality, as those with fewer resources have fewer opportunities to improve their socio-economic status.
- Education: Lack of educational opportunities can lead to limited job prospects and lower incomes, reinforcing social inequality.
- Discrimination: Discrimination based on personal characteristics such as race, gender, and age can limit access to employment opportunities and resources, exacerbating social inequality.
Factors contributing to social inequality of gender inequality:
- Patriarchy: Traditional gender roles and beliefs may lead to discrimination against women and girls, limiting their access to education, employment opportunities, and resources.
- Gender stereotypes: Stereotypes about gender roles and abilities can limit opportunities for women and girls, as well as perpetuate discrimination and bias.
- Intersectionality: Women who face discrimination based on other personal characteristics such as race or socio-economic status may experience compounded discrimination, leading to greater social inequality.