How so?
There are four different types of vaccine. Which is the basis kung paano ginagawa ang vaccine.
1. Whole virus = this uses an inactive or weaker version of the virus. Ito iyong pinaka-common na vaccine.
Anti-rabies was made with same method. It contains inactivated rabies virus.
Iba pang example nito ay Measles, Influenza, at chicken pox.
EX for COVID19:
Sinovac, CoviVac, Covaxin
2. Subunit vaccine = may purified part ng isang pathogens na pinili para mag-stimulate ng immune cells.
Example nito ay vaccine for Hepa B influenza.
EX: RBD-Dimer
3. Nucleic Acid = may genetic material ng isang virus, be it the DNA or RNA. Which is ipinapakilala sa host cells.
EX: Pfizer, Moderna
4. Viral Vector = ito ay naglalaman ng modified virus.
EX: Astrazeneca, Sputnik V, Johnson & Johnson
Oo, magkaiba nga sila noon at ngayon since magkaiba naman iyon virus na pinagbasehan. But the method of making the vaccine is the same.
“The first human vaccines against viruses were based using weaker or attenuated viruses to generate immunity. The smallpox vaccine used cowpox, a poxvirus that was similar enough to smallpox to protect against it but usually didn’t cause serious illness. Rabies was the first virus attenuated in a lab to create a vaccine for humans.”
In short, “vaccines are made using several different processes. They may contain live viruses that have been attenuated (weakened or altered so as not to cause illness); inactivated or killed organisms or viruses; inactivated toxins (for bacterial diseases where toxins generated by the bacteria, and not the bacteria themselves, cause illness); or merely segments of the pathogen (this includes both subunit and conjugate vaccines).”
This is what my research yield. ☺