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Complete Review Summary | General and Professional Education
Behaviorism – change
Essentiali – basic
Existentialism– choice
Humanism – build
Idealism– enough in mind
Perrenialism– constant
Pragmatism- practice (T&E)
Progressivism – improve
Realism – enough to see
Utilitarianism - best
Social Reconstructivism– benefit of all
"Aims Of Eras"
Pre-Spanish – survival and conformity
Spanish – Christianity
American – democratic ideals and way of life
Commonwealth– moral character, efficiency
Japanese – progress
PROF. ED Proponents
B.F. Skinner – Operant Conditioning
Bandura – Modeling
Bandura & Wallace– Social Learning
Carl Jung– Psychological
Conficius– Education for all, Golden Rule
Edward Thorndike– Connectionism
Erick Erikson – Psychosocial
Ivan Pavlov – Classical Conditioning
Jean Piaget – Cognitive
Froebel- Father of Kndrgrtn
Peztallozi– realia, Froebel’s protégé
Jerome Bruner – Instrumental Conceptualism
John Dewey – learning by doing
John Locke – Tabula Rasa (blank sheet)
Kohlers– Insight Learning
Laurence KohLberg – Moral Development
Lev Vgotsky – Social Cognitivist, Scaffolding
Sigmund Freud – Psychosexual
William Sheldon– Physiological
"Principles Of Education"
Hedosnism – pleasure principle
Double Effect – sacrifice for the good or bad
Formal Cooperation – cooperation with will
Lesser Evil – choice of the less one from two bad things
Material Cooperation – cooperation without will
FREUD’S Psychosocial/PsychoAnalytical Theory
1. Oral (0-1 yrs. old) – Infant
2. Anål (1-3 yrs. old) – Toddler
3. Phallic– Preschool
4. Latency – School Age
5. Gënitāl – Adolescense
Oedipus – son to mom
Electra – daughter to dad
"Laws In Education"
PRC BR 435 – Code of Ethics for Professional Teachers
PD 1006 – Decree Professionalizing Teachers
RA NO. 1425 – inclusion of the works of Jose Rizal
RA NO. 4670 – “Magna Carta for Public School Teacher”
RA 7722 – CHED
RA 7796 – “TESDA Act of 1994”
RA 7836 – Phil. Teachers Professionalization Act of 1994
RA 9155 – BEGA (Basic Educ.) or DepEd Law
RA 9293 – Teachers Professionalization Act
RA 10533 – K-12 Law
ACT NO. 2706 – “Private School Law”
Commonwealth ACT NO. 578 – “persons in authority”
Kautusang Pangkagawaran BLG 7 - Pilipino NatlLng
Proklama BLG 12 - Linggo ng Wika (Balagtas,Mr29-Ap4)
Proklama BLG. 186 – Linggo ng Wika (Quezon,Ag13-19)
Proklama BLG. 1041 – Buwan ng Wika (Ramos)
Phil. Constitution aCT 14 – ESTACS
RA 1079 – no limit of Civil Service eligibility
RA 6655 – “Free Public Secondary Educ. Act of 1988”
RA 6728 – “Act Providing Government Assistance to
Students and Teachers in Private Education
RA 7277 – Magna Carta for PWD
RA 7610 – Anti-Child Abuse Law (Amendment: RA 9231)
RA 7743 – establishment of public libraries
RA 7877 – “Anti Sexual Harassment Act of 1995”
RA 7880 – “Fair and Equitable Access to Education Act”
RA 8049 – Anti-Hazing Law
RA 8187 – Paternity Act
RA 10627 – Anti-Bullying
SB 1987 ART. 14 SEK. 6-9 – Filipino (National Language)
Bruner's Three Modes Of Representation
1. Enactive (0-1 yrs. old) – action-based information
2. Iconic(1-6 yrs. old) – image-based information
3. Symbolic (7+) – code/symbols such as language
"Taxonomy Of Objectives"
Cognitive:
Bloom (Lots) Anderson (Hots)
o Knowledge
o Comprehension
o Application
o Analysis
o Synthesis
o Evaluation o Remembering
o Understanding
o Applying
o Analyzing
o Evaluating
o Creating
AFFECTIVE:
o Receiving
o Responding
o Valuing
o Organizing
o Characterization
PSYCHOMOTOR:
SIMPSON HARROW
o Perception
o Set
o Guided Response
o Mechanism
o Complex Overt Response
o Adaptation
o Origination o Reflex movement
o Fundamental Movement
o Physical Movement
o Perceptual Abilities
o Skilled Movements
o Non-discursive communication
"Dales Cone Of Experience"
Read
Hear
Picture
Video
Exhibit
Demonstration
Collaborative Work
Simulation
Real thing
Erikson's Psychosocial Tasks
1. Trust vs. Mistrust (0-12 months)
2. Autonomy vs. Shame/Doubt (1-3 years old)
3. Initiative vs. Guilt(3-6 years old)
4. Industry vs. Inferiority (6-12 years old)
5. Identity vs.. Role Confusion (12-18 years old)
6. Intimacy vs.. Isolation (early 20s-early 40s
7. Generativity vs.. Stagnation (40s-mid 60s)
8. Integrity vs. Despair (mid 60s-death)
Piaget's Cognitive Development Theory
1. Sensory – senses
2. Pre-Operational- imagination
3. Concrete
4. Formal
Generations Of Computer
1. Vacuum Tubes (1940-1956)
2. Transistors (1956-1963)
3. Intergrated Circuits(1964-1971)
4. Microprocessors (1971-present)
5. Artificial Intellegince(present-future)
"Mistaken Goals"
1. Attention Seeker – “teacher, notice me”
2. Revenge– “teacher, I am hurt”
3. Power-Seeking – “teacher, may I help?”
4. Inadequacy – “teacher, don’t give up on me”
5. wí†hdráwal – “teacher, please help me”
Kohlberg's Theory Of Moral Development
Level 1: Pre-Conventional Morality
Stage 1: Obedience and Punishment Orientation
Stage 2: Individualism and Exchange
Level 2: Conventional Morality
Stage 3: Good Interpersonal Relationships
Stage 4: Maintaining the Social Order
Level 3: Post-Conventional Morality
Stage 5: Social Contract and Individual Rights
Stage 6: Universal Principles
Central Tendency-Central (middle location) Tendency
Mean – Average Mode – most occurring
Range – highest score minus lowest score
Low SD–Homogenous, scores near to mean(almost same)
High SD – Heterogenous, scores far to mean (scattered)
Decile– 10 grps (D1…D10) QUARTILE – 4 grps (Q1…Q4)
Suspension – time REVOKATION – condition
Difficulty Index
0-0.20 Very Difficult
0.21-0.40 Difficult
0.41-0.60 Moderately Difficult
0.61-0.80 Easy
0.81-1.00 Very Easy
Positively Skewd (Left Foot)
- low scores, mean greater than mode
Negatively Skewed (Right Foot)
- high scores, mean is lower than mode
Horn/Halo Effect
- overcoming other trait, either bad/good
"GeneraL Education"
Filipino/English:
Mga Teorya Ng Pinagmulan nG Wika
1. Bow-Wow–kalikasan at hayop
2. Ding-Dong – bagay
3. Pooh-Pooh– masidhing damdamin
4. Yoheho– pwersang pisikal
"Filipino Poets & Pen Names"
Benvinido Santos– American Culture Writings
Daniel Defoe – “Robinson Crusoen” (novel)
Edilberto Tiempo – made “Cry Slaughter” that has been
translated many times
Ernest Hemingway– Ring Lardner Jr.
Jose Garcia Villa– “Comma Poet”, Dove G. Lion
Miguel De Cervantes/Escalande - Masterpiece is
“Don Quixote” that is most influential
Nick Joaquin – Quijano de Manila
– Spanish Culture Writing
Paz Marquez Benitez– made “Dead Stars” that is the 1st
modern English short story
SamueL Langhorne Clemens– Mark Twain
- sangay ng barirala na tumatalakay sa masistemang pagkaka-ayus-ayos ng mga salita sa pagbuo ng mga parirala at pangungusap
Pen Names of Filipino Protagonist
Andres Bonifacio – May Pag-asa, Agapito
Bagumbayan
Antonio Luna – Taga-Ilog
Emilio Aguinaldo - Magdalo
Emilio Jacinto – Di Masilaw, Tingkian
Graciano Lopez Jaena – Diego Laura
Jose Ma. Panganiban ¬– JoMaPa
Jose Rizal – Dimas alang, Laon laan
Juan Luna – Buan
Marcelo Del Pilar– Plaridel, Dolores Manapat,
Piping Dilat
Mariano Ponce – Tikbalang, Naning (Satanas),
Kalipulako
Mga Uri Ng Pangungusap
Walang Paksa:
1. Eksistensyal – mayroong isa o higit pang tao
Halimbawa: Mayroon daw puno sa bakuran.
2. Modal – nais/pwede/maari (Gusto ko matulog.)
3. PAnlipunan – pagbati, pagbigay galang atbp.
4. Sagot Laman – “Talaga?”, “Oo”
5. Sambitla – masidhing damdamin (Aray!)
6. Temporal – panandaliang kalagayan o panahon
Kayarian:
1. Payak – iisang kaisipan
2. Tambalan– dalawang sugnay na ‘di makapag-iisa
3. Hugnayan– madalas nagsisimula sa kung, dahil sa
4. Langkapan – mahabang pangungusap
Mga Uri Ng Kwento
1. Pabula (fable) – hayop
2. Parabula(parable)– Bibliya
3. Anekdota(anecdote) – tunay na buhay
4. Mitolohiya (myth) – diyos at diyosa (pinagmulan)
Aspekto Ng Pandiwa (Verb)
1. Perpektibo – tumakbo
2. Imperpektibo – tumatakbo
3. Kontemplatibo – tatakbo
Kaantasan Ng Pang -uri (Adjective)
1. Lantay – walang pinaghahambingan
2. Pahambing ¬– inihahalintulad
3. Pasukdol – nangingibabaw (H: pinakamataas)
Mga Uri Ng Tula
1. Patula (Moro-moro)
2. Pasalaysay(Epiko, Awit, Korido)
Mga Awiting Bayan
1. Dalit/Himno – pagsamba sa anito o pang-relihiyon
2. Diona – kasal
3. Dung-Aw – patay (pagdadalamhati)
4. Kalusan – paggawa
5. Kumintang – tagumpay (pandigma)
6. Kundiman – pag-ibig
7. Oyayi– pagpapatulog ng bata
8. Soliranin – pagsasagwan
9. Talindaw – pamamangka
Pagbabagong Morponemiko
1. Asimilasyon– Parsyal (pangsukli), Ganap (panukli)
2. May Angkop– wikain mo – “kamo”
3. May Sudlong/Pagdaragdag ng Ponema
- muntik – muntikan, pagmuntikan, pagmuntikanan
4. Metatesis – linipad – nilipad
5. Pagkakaltas Ng Ponemo– takipan – takpan
6. Paglilipat-Diin– laRUan (playground) - laruAN (toy)
7. Pagpapalit Ng Ponema – madapat – marapat
Mga Uri ng Panghalip/Pronouns
1. Panao/Personal Pronoun – ako/I etc.
2. Pamatlig/Demonstrative Pronoun– ito/this etc.
3. Panaklaw/Indefinite Pronoun. - isa, all, anyone etc.
4. Patulad – ganito, ganyan atbp.
5. Pananong/Interrogative Pronoun – sino, when etc.
6. Pamanggit/Relative Pronoun– daw, umano, which, who
"Mga Akda Na May Impluwensya Sa Mundo"
Aklat Ng Mga Araw – China (by Confucius)
Aklat Ng Mga Patay– Egypt cults & myths (by Osiris)
Awit Ni Rolando-France (by Doce Pares, Roncesvalles)
Bibliya– Palestino at Greece
Canterbury Tales – Kingdom of England (by Geoffrey Chaucer) 14th century
Divine Comedia – Italy (by Dante)
EL Cid Compeador – katangian at history ng Spain
ILiad o ODyssey – Myths of Greece made by Homer.
Isang Libo’T Isang Gabu– Ugali sa Arabia at Persia
Koran – Arabia (Muslim Bible) MAHABRATA – India
Uncle Tom'S Cabin– about slaves that becomes the basis of democracy. (by Harriet Beecher Stowe of U.S.)
Mga Uri Ng Panitikan
1. Tuluyan – binubuo ng mga pangungusap
A. Nobela – binubuo ng mga kabanata
B. Dula – pagtatanghal sa entablado
Mga Dulang Panlibangan:
a. Tibag – Sta. Elena
b. Lågay – Pilarenos ng Sorsogon
c. Panunuluyan – pagtatanghal bago mag-alas dose (12PM) ng gabi ng kapaskuhan
d. Panubol – parangal sa may kaarawan
e. Karilyo – ala-puppet show
f. Kurido – katapangan, kabayanihan, kababalaghan, pananampalataya
g. Sarsuela – musical tungkol sa pag-ibig, paghihiganti atbp. masisidhing damdamin
C. Alamat – pinagmulan
D. Anekdota – ugali, may mabuting aral
2. Patula - may sukat,pantig,tugma,taludtod,saknong
A. Tulang Pasalaysay - mahahalagang tago o pangyayari sa buhay.
a. Epiko – kabayanihan sa kababalaghan
o Bidasari, Parang Sabir – Moro
o Biag Ni Lam AnG – Iloko
o Maragtas, Haraya, Lagda At Hari Sa Bukid – Bisaya
o Kumintang– Tagalog
o Dagoy At Sudsud – Tagbanua
o Tatuang - Bagobo
b. Awit o Korido - kaharian
c. Tula Ng Damdamin o Liriko – own feeling
Mga Tulang Liriko:
o Awiting Bayan– kalungkutan
o ELehiya – yumao
o Dalit – pagpupuri sa Diyos
o Pastoral – buhay sa bukid
o Oda – papuri
B. Tulang Dula O Pangtanghalan
a. Komdeya
b. Melodrama– musical
c. Trahedya – death of main character
d. Parsa – mga pangyayaring nakakatawa
e. Saynete
-karaniwang pag-uugali ng tao/ pook
C. Tulang Patnigan
a. Karagatan– alamat ng singsing ng prinsesa na naihulog niya sa dagat sa hangaring mapangasawa ang kasintahang mahirap.
b. Duplo – paligsahan ng husay sa pagtula
c. Balagtasan – pumalit sa Duplo
Figures Of Speecg/Tayutay
Pag-uugnay O Paghahambing:
1. Simile/Pagtutulad – mayroong pangatnig
2. Metaphor/Pagwawangis – walang pangatnig
3. Alusyon – iba’t ibang aspekto ng buhay ng tao
4. Metonymy/Pagpapalit-Tawag
5. SynecDoche/Sinekdoke – pagbanggit ng isa upang tukuyin ang kabuuan
Hal: Dalawang bibig ang umaasa kay Romeo.
Paglalarawan:
6. Hyperbole/ Pagmamalabis o Eksaherasyon
7. Apostrophe/Pagtawag – pakikipag-usap sa hindi buhay o malayong tao. Hal: Ulan, tumigil ka na.
8. Exclamation/Pagdaramdam – strong feeling.
9. Paradox/Paradoks -“malayo ma’y malapit pa rin”
10. Oxymoron/Pagtatambis- paradox w/ extra words
Pagsasalin Ng Katangian:
11. Personification/Pagsasatao
Pagsasatunog:
12. Onomatopoeia/Panghihimig – tunog ang paksa
13. Alliteration/Pag– uulit-repetition of 1st letter in the 1st word. Ex: Dinggin mo ang Diyos na Dinadakila
14. Repitasyon – repetition of phrase. Ex: Tama! Tama!...
Iba Pang Tayutay na Gamit sa Tula:
Aliterasyon – unang titik o pantig ay pare-pareho
Anadiplosis – paggamit ng salita sa unahan at hulihan
Epipora – pag-uulit ng salita sa hulihan
Pag-Uyam – sarcasm
Litotes – pagtanggi o pagkukunwari.
Taludtod – linya sa tula
Unfamiliar Parts Of the Speech
1. Prepositions-on, under, off, by, in near, for, to, since
2. Conjunctions(Pangatnig)
- para/for, at/and, nor, or, pero/but, yet, so, ni, ngunit
3. Interjection – with exclamation mark
Proper Sequence of Words In a Sentence
1. Articles– a, an, the
2. Opinion
3. Size
4. Age
5. Shape
6. Color
7. Material
8. Purpose
CLassifications Of Poem
1. Ballad – narrative, less folk tale/legend, to be sung
2. BLack Verse – with meter but no rhyme
3. Dramatic Monologue – written in form of speech for individual character.
4. Elegy –death of individual
5. Epuc – tells a story about heroic figure
6. Eulogy– message for the dead
7. Free Verse(vers libre) – without meter but with rhyme
8. Haiku – Japanese poem about nature. 5, 7, 5 (3 lines and 17 syllables)
9. Idyll (Idyl) – peaceful, idealized country scene
10. Lyrics - thoughts and feelings
11. Narrative– tells story
12. Ode -typically serious/meditative nature, type of Lyric
13. Pastoral –rural life in peaceful & romanticized way
14. Sonnet– Lyric poem consists of 14 lines
15. Tanka– Japanese poem: 5 lines, 31 syllables
Philippine Constitutions
Biak Na Bato– pact, thought of 1st Republic.
- Spainards ρáíd P200 000
1. Malolos Constitution- Apolinario Mabini
3. 1943 Constitution - Jose P. Laurel
- Japan invades but gave freedom for Phil. to rule.
4. 1973 Constitution – Ferdinand Marcos
Some Types Of Governments
1. Communist– classless society
- State plans and controls economy
2. Parliamentary– majority of people voted
3. Republican – power comes from people
Philippine Presidents
(AgQueLaOsRoQuiMagGarMaMarAquiRaEsArAquiDut)
Acts
1. Association Of Sout Easr Asian Nations (ASEAN)
- Myanmar, Cambodia, Laos, Brunei, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Indonesia, Vietnam, Malaysia
2. Bell Trade (Philippine TradE ACT) – bet. Phil. & U.S.
3. Kyoto Protocol (UNNCC)
- fight global warming decreasing green house gases
4. Rio De Janeiro Convention
- environment and sustainable development
5. Tejeros Convention– election
- Bonifacio elected as Director Imperior
6. Treaty On General Relations
- recognition of U.S. to Philippine freedom
7. Underworld-SimmonS ACT – full free foreign trade
8. Payne Aldrich ACT – partial free foreign trade
Missionaries and Expeditions
1. Augustinians – most intelligent
2. Franciscan– sends medical aids
3. Jesuits
4. Dominicans – richest
5. Recolects – most killed schools
Martyr Priests
1. Burgos – youngest, mastermind of secularization
2. Gomez – Oldest, likes “******” and hid there
Homo Habilid– man of steel (bighead, uses muscle)
Homo Erectus – man who discovered fire & clothes
Homo Sapiens – thinking man (can produce materials)
Unfamiliar Branches Of Biology
Anatomu – inner organs
Entomology– insects
Biochemistry– chemical patterns of animals
Ecology – living things bet. Each other in environment
Embryology – developmental patterns fr. zygote-birth
Genetics – heredity
Mycology – fungi
Herpetology – reptiles and amphibians
Histology – plant and animal tissues
Morphology– phenotype (appearance)
Ornithology– birds PARASITOLOGY – parasites
Paleonthology – fossils of animals and plants
Physiology– function of tissue, organ & system
Taxonomy– classification of living organisms
Science Proponents
Carolus Linnaeus – Father of Taxonomy
Robert Hooke– termed “cells” (cellulae)
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek- 1st person to observe microscopic organisms (animal cule)
Robert Brown– discovered Nucleus
Matthias Jakob Schleiden-(Botanist) & THEODORE (Zoologist)
- found all plants consist of cells
Rudolf Virchow– proposed cells come fr. existing cells
Earth's Spheres
Atmosphere – gaseous sphere protection from meteors
Divided into five:
Troposphere
Stratosphere
Mesosphere
Thermosphere
Exosphere
Hydrosphere – water
Lithosphere – oceanic and continental crust
Biosphere – all life forms in Earth
Cryosphere – ice
Anthosphere – ancestors
"Planets & Their Sequence"
1. Sun – 99.86% of Solar System
- Perfect sphere, sister planet of Earth
4. Earth
5. Mars – God of War, red planet (Mariner 9)
6. Jupiter -Gas Giant, fastest rotating planet (10hrs less)
- has Great Red Spot: huge storm for 350yrs
7. Saturn – God of Agriculture (chunks of rocks)
- made mostly of hydrogen
8. Uranus – Frederick William Herscel
- Sky & Ice Giant, 3rd largest planet
#LETReview
-ctto-/ceppee
Behaviorism – change
Essentiali – basic
Existentialism– choice
Humanism – build
Idealism– enough in mind
Perrenialism– constant
Pragmatism- practice (T&E)
Progressivism – improve
Realism – enough to see
Utilitarianism - best
Social Reconstructivism– benefit of all
"Aims Of Eras"
Pre-Spanish – survival and conformity
Spanish – Christianity
American – democratic ideals and way of life
Commonwealth– moral character, efficiency
Japanese – progress
PROF. ED Proponents
B.F. Skinner – Operant Conditioning
Bandura – Modeling
Bandura & Wallace– Social Learning
Carl Jung– Psychological
Conficius– Education for all, Golden Rule
Edward Thorndike– Connectionism
Erick Erikson – Psychosocial
Ivan Pavlov – Classical Conditioning
Jean Piaget – Cognitive
Froebel- Father of Kndrgrtn
Peztallozi– realia, Froebel’s protégé
Jerome Bruner – Instrumental Conceptualism
John Dewey – learning by doing
John Locke – Tabula Rasa (blank sheet)
Kohlers– Insight Learning
Laurence KohLberg – Moral Development
Lev Vgotsky – Social Cognitivist, Scaffolding
Sigmund Freud – Psychosexual
William Sheldon– Physiological
"Principles Of Education"
Hedosnism – pleasure principle
Double Effect – sacrifice for the good or bad
Formal Cooperation – cooperation with will
Lesser Evil – choice of the less one from two bad things
Material Cooperation – cooperation without will
FREUD’S Psychosocial/PsychoAnalytical Theory
1. Oral (0-1 yrs. old) – Infant
2. Anål (1-3 yrs. old) – Toddler
3. Phallic– Preschool
4. Latency – School Age
5. Gënitāl – Adolescense
Oedipus – son to mom
Electra – daughter to dad
"Laws In Education"
PRC BR 435 – Code of Ethics for Professional Teachers
PD 1006 – Decree Professionalizing Teachers
RA NO. 1425 – inclusion of the works of Jose Rizal
RA NO. 4670 – “Magna Carta for Public School Teacher”
RA 7722 – CHED
RA 7796 – “TESDA Act of 1994”
RA 7836 – Phil. Teachers Professionalization Act of 1994
RA 9155 – BEGA (Basic Educ.) or DepEd Law
RA 9293 – Teachers Professionalization Act
RA 10533 – K-12 Law
ACT NO. 2706 – “Private School Law”
Commonwealth ACT NO. 578 – “persons in authority”
Kautusang Pangkagawaran BLG 7 - Pilipino NatlLng
Proklama BLG 12 - Linggo ng Wika (Balagtas,Mr29-Ap4)
Proklama BLG. 186 – Linggo ng Wika (Quezon,Ag13-19)
Proklama BLG. 1041 – Buwan ng Wika (Ramos)
Phil. Constitution aCT 14 – ESTACS
RA 1079 – no limit of Civil Service eligibility
RA 6655 – “Free Public Secondary Educ. Act of 1988”
RA 6728 – “Act Providing Government Assistance to
Students and Teachers in Private Education
RA 7277 – Magna Carta for PWD
RA 7610 – Anti-Child Abuse Law (Amendment: RA 9231)
RA 7743 – establishment of public libraries
RA 7877 – “Anti Sexual Harassment Act of 1995”
RA 7880 – “Fair and Equitable Access to Education Act”
RA 8049 – Anti-Hazing Law
RA 8187 – Paternity Act
RA 10627 – Anti-Bullying
SB 1987 ART. 14 SEK. 6-9 – Filipino (National Language)
Bruner's Three Modes Of Representation
1. Enactive (0-1 yrs. old) – action-based information
2. Iconic(1-6 yrs. old) – image-based information
3. Symbolic (7+) – code/symbols such as language
"Taxonomy Of Objectives"
Cognitive:
Bloom (Lots) Anderson (Hots)
o Knowledge
o Comprehension
o Application
o Analysis
o Synthesis
o Evaluation o Remembering
o Understanding
o Applying
o Analyzing
o Evaluating
o Creating
AFFECTIVE:
o Receiving
o Responding
o Valuing
o Organizing
o Characterization
PSYCHOMOTOR:
SIMPSON HARROW
o Perception
o Set
o Guided Response
o Mechanism
o Complex Overt Response
o Adaptation
o Origination o Reflex movement
o Fundamental Movement
o Physical Movement
o Perceptual Abilities
o Skilled Movements
o Non-discursive communication
"Dales Cone Of Experience"
Read
Hear
Picture
Video
Exhibit
Demonstration
Collaborative Work
Simulation
Real thing
Erikson's Psychosocial Tasks
1. Trust vs. Mistrust (0-12 months)
2. Autonomy vs. Shame/Doubt (1-3 years old)
3. Initiative vs. Guilt(3-6 years old)
4. Industry vs. Inferiority (6-12 years old)
5. Identity vs.. Role Confusion (12-18 years old)
6. Intimacy vs.. Isolation (early 20s-early 40s
7. Generativity vs.. Stagnation (40s-mid 60s)
8. Integrity vs. Despair (mid 60s-death)
Piaget's Cognitive Development Theory
1. Sensory – senses
2. Pre-Operational- imagination
3. Concrete
4. Formal
Generations Of Computer
1. Vacuum Tubes (1940-1956)
2. Transistors (1956-1963)
3. Intergrated Circuits(1964-1971)
4. Microprocessors (1971-present)
5. Artificial Intellegince(present-future)
"Mistaken Goals"
1. Attention Seeker – “teacher, notice me”
2. Revenge– “teacher, I am hurt”
3. Power-Seeking – “teacher, may I help?”
4. Inadequacy – “teacher, don’t give up on me”
5. wí†hdráwal – “teacher, please help me”
Kohlberg's Theory Of Moral Development
Level 1: Pre-Conventional Morality
Stage 1: Obedience and Punishment Orientation
Stage 2: Individualism and Exchange
Level 2: Conventional Morality
Stage 3: Good Interpersonal Relationships
Stage 4: Maintaining the Social Order
Level 3: Post-Conventional Morality
Stage 5: Social Contract and Individual Rights
Stage 6: Universal Principles
Central Tendency-Central (middle location) Tendency
Mean – Average Mode – most occurring
Range – highest score minus lowest score
Low SD–Homogenous, scores near to mean(almost same)
High SD – Heterogenous, scores far to mean (scattered)
Decile– 10 grps (D1…D10) QUARTILE – 4 grps (Q1…Q4)
Suspension – time REVOKATION – condition
Difficulty Index
0-0.20 Very Difficult
0.21-0.40 Difficult
0.41-0.60 Moderately Difficult
0.61-0.80 Easy
0.81-1.00 Very Easy
Positively Skewd (Left Foot)
- low scores, mean greater than mode
Negatively Skewed (Right Foot)
- high scores, mean is lower than mode
Horn/Halo Effect
- overcoming other trait, either bad/good
"GeneraL Education"
Filipino/English:
Mga Teorya Ng Pinagmulan nG Wika
1. Bow-Wow–kalikasan at hayop
2. Ding-Dong – bagay
3. Pooh-Pooh– masidhing damdamin
4. Yoheho– pwersang pisikal
"Filipino Poets & Pen Names"
Benvinido Santos– American Culture Writings
Daniel Defoe – “Robinson Crusoen” (novel)
Edilberto Tiempo – made “Cry Slaughter” that has been
translated many times
Ernest Hemingway– Ring Lardner Jr.
Jose Garcia Villa– “Comma Poet”, Dove G. Lion
Miguel De Cervantes/Escalande - Masterpiece is
“Don Quixote” that is most influential
Nick Joaquin – Quijano de Manila
– Spanish Culture Writing
Paz Marquez Benitez– made “Dead Stars” that is the 1st
modern English short story
SamueL Langhorne Clemens– Mark Twain
- “Adventures of Tom Sawyer”
- “Adventures of Huckleberry Finn” (best novel)
- sangay ng barirala na tumatalakay sa masistemang pagkaka-ayus-ayos ng mga salita sa pagbuo ng mga parirala at pangungusap
Pen Names of Filipino Protagonist
Andres Bonifacio – May Pag-asa, Agapito
Bagumbayan
Antonio Luna – Taga-Ilog
Emilio Aguinaldo - Magdalo
Emilio Jacinto – Di Masilaw, Tingkian
Graciano Lopez Jaena – Diego Laura
Jose Ma. Panganiban ¬– JoMaPa
Jose Rizal – Dimas alang, Laon laan
Juan Luna – Buan
Marcelo Del Pilar– Plaridel, Dolores Manapat,
Piping Dilat
Mariano Ponce – Tikbalang, Naning (Satanas),
Kalipulako
Mga Uri Ng Pangungusap
Walang Paksa:
1. Eksistensyal – mayroong isa o higit pang tao
Halimbawa: Mayroon daw puno sa bakuran.
2. Modal – nais/pwede/maari (Gusto ko matulog.)
3. PAnlipunan – pagbati, pagbigay galang atbp.
4. Sagot Laman – “Talaga?”, “Oo”
5. Sambitla – masidhing damdamin (Aray!)
6. Temporal – panandaliang kalagayan o panahon
Kayarian:
1. Payak – iisang kaisipan
2. Tambalan– dalawang sugnay na ‘di makapag-iisa
3. Hugnayan– madalas nagsisimula sa kung, dahil sa
4. Langkapan – mahabang pangungusap
Mga Uri Ng Kwento
1. Pabula (fable) – hayop
2. Parabula(parable)– Bibliya
3. Anekdota(anecdote) – tunay na buhay
4. Mitolohiya (myth) – diyos at diyosa (pinagmulan)
Aspekto Ng Pandiwa (Verb)
1. Perpektibo – tumakbo
2. Imperpektibo – tumatakbo
3. Kontemplatibo – tatakbo
Kaantasan Ng Pang -uri (Adjective)
1. Lantay – walang pinaghahambingan
2. Pahambing ¬– inihahalintulad
3. Pasukdol – nangingibabaw (H: pinakamataas)
Mga Uri Ng Tula
1. Patula (Moro-moro)
2. Pasalaysay(Epiko, Awit, Korido)
Mga Awiting Bayan
1. Dalit/Himno – pagsamba sa anito o pang-relihiyon
2. Diona – kasal
3. Dung-Aw – patay (pagdadalamhati)
4. Kalusan – paggawa
5. Kumintang – tagumpay (pandigma)
6. Kundiman – pag-ibig
7. Oyayi– pagpapatulog ng bata
8. Soliranin – pagsasagwan
9. Talindaw – pamamangka
Pagbabagong Morponemiko
1. Asimilasyon– Parsyal (pangsukli), Ganap (panukli)
2. May Angkop– wikain mo – “kamo”
3. May Sudlong/Pagdaragdag ng Ponema
- muntik – muntikan, pagmuntikan, pagmuntikanan
4. Metatesis – linipad – nilipad
5. Pagkakaltas Ng Ponemo– takipan – takpan
6. Paglilipat-Diin– laRUan (playground) - laruAN (toy)
7. Pagpapalit Ng Ponema – madapat – marapat
Mga Uri ng Panghalip/Pronouns
1. Panao/Personal Pronoun – ako/I etc.
2. Pamatlig/Demonstrative Pronoun– ito/this etc.
3. Panaklaw/Indefinite Pronoun. - isa, all, anyone etc.
4. Patulad – ganito, ganyan atbp.
5. Pananong/Interrogative Pronoun – sino, when etc.
6. Pamanggit/Relative Pronoun– daw, umano, which, who
"Mga Akda Na May Impluwensya Sa Mundo"
Aklat Ng Mga Araw – China (by Confucius)
Aklat Ng Mga Patay– Egypt cults & myths (by Osiris)
Awit Ni Rolando-France (by Doce Pares, Roncesvalles)
Bibliya– Palestino at Greece
Canterbury Tales – Kingdom of England (by Geoffrey Chaucer) 14th century
Divine Comedia – Italy (by Dante)
EL Cid Compeador – katangian at history ng Spain
ILiad o ODyssey – Myths of Greece made by Homer.
Isang Libo’T Isang Gabu– Ugali sa Arabia at Persia
Koran – Arabia (Muslim Bible) MAHABRATA – India
Uncle Tom'S Cabin– about slaves that becomes the basis of democracy. (by Harriet Beecher Stowe of U.S.)
Mga Uri Ng Panitikan
1. Tuluyan – binubuo ng mga pangungusap
A. Nobela – binubuo ng mga kabanata
B. Dula – pagtatanghal sa entablado
Mga Dulang Panlibangan:
a. Tibag – Sta. Elena
b. Lågay – Pilarenos ng Sorsogon
c. Panunuluyan – pagtatanghal bago mag-alas dose (12PM) ng gabi ng kapaskuhan
d. Panubol – parangal sa may kaarawan
e. Karilyo – ala-puppet show
f. Kurido – katapangan, kabayanihan, kababalaghan, pananampalataya
g. Sarsuela – musical tungkol sa pag-ibig, paghihiganti atbp. masisidhing damdamin
C. Alamat – pinagmulan
D. Anekdota – ugali, may mabuting aral
2. Patula - may sukat,pantig,tugma,taludtod,saknong
A. Tulang Pasalaysay - mahahalagang tago o pangyayari sa buhay.
a. Epiko – kabayanihan sa kababalaghan
o Bidasari, Parang Sabir – Moro
o Biag Ni Lam AnG – Iloko
o Maragtas, Haraya, Lagda At Hari Sa Bukid – Bisaya
o Kumintang– Tagalog
o Dagoy At Sudsud – Tagbanua
o Tatuang - Bagobo
b. Awit o Korido - kaharian
c. Tula Ng Damdamin o Liriko – own feeling
Mga Tulang Liriko:
o Awiting Bayan– kalungkutan
o ELehiya – yumao
o Dalit – pagpupuri sa Diyos
o Pastoral – buhay sa bukid
o Oda – papuri
B. Tulang Dula O Pangtanghalan
a. Komdeya
b. Melodrama– musical
c. Trahedya – death of main character
d. Parsa – mga pangyayaring nakakatawa
e. Saynete
-karaniwang pag-uugali ng tao/ pook
C. Tulang Patnigan
a. Karagatan– alamat ng singsing ng prinsesa na naihulog niya sa dagat sa hangaring mapangasawa ang kasintahang mahirap.
b. Duplo – paligsahan ng husay sa pagtula
c. Balagtasan – pumalit sa Duplo
Figures Of Speecg/Tayutay
Pag-uugnay O Paghahambing:
1. Simile/Pagtutulad – mayroong pangatnig
2. Metaphor/Pagwawangis – walang pangatnig
3. Alusyon – iba’t ibang aspekto ng buhay ng tao
4. Metonymy/Pagpapalit-Tawag
5. SynecDoche/Sinekdoke – pagbanggit ng isa upang tukuyin ang kabuuan
Hal: Dalawang bibig ang umaasa kay Romeo.
Paglalarawan:
6. Hyperbole/ Pagmamalabis o Eksaherasyon
7. Apostrophe/Pagtawag – pakikipag-usap sa hindi buhay o malayong tao. Hal: Ulan, tumigil ka na.
8. Exclamation/Pagdaramdam – strong feeling.
9. Paradox/Paradoks -“malayo ma’y malapit pa rin”
10. Oxymoron/Pagtatambis- paradox w/ extra words
Pagsasalin Ng Katangian:
11. Personification/Pagsasatao
Pagsasatunog:
12. Onomatopoeia/Panghihimig – tunog ang paksa
13. Alliteration/Pag– uulit-repetition of 1st letter in the 1st word. Ex: Dinggin mo ang Diyos na Dinadakila
14. Repitasyon – repetition of phrase. Ex: Tama! Tama!...
Iba Pang Tayutay na Gamit sa Tula:
Aliterasyon – unang titik o pantig ay pare-pareho
Anadiplosis – paggamit ng salita sa unahan at hulihan
Epipora – pag-uulit ng salita sa hulihan
Pag-Uyam – sarcasm
Litotes – pagtanggi o pagkukunwari.
Taludtod – linya sa tula
Unfamiliar Parts Of the Speech
1. Prepositions-on, under, off, by, in near, for, to, since
2. Conjunctions(Pangatnig)
- para/for, at/and, nor, or, pero/but, yet, so, ni, ngunit
3. Interjection – with exclamation mark
Proper Sequence of Words In a Sentence
1. Articles– a, an, the
2. Opinion
3. Size
4. Age
5. Shape
6. Color
7. Material
8. Purpose
CLassifications Of Poem
1. Ballad – narrative, less folk tale/legend, to be sung
2. BLack Verse – with meter but no rhyme
3. Dramatic Monologue – written in form of speech for individual character.
4. Elegy –death of individual
5. Epuc – tells a story about heroic figure
6. Eulogy– message for the dead
7. Free Verse(vers libre) – without meter but with rhyme
8. Haiku – Japanese poem about nature. 5, 7, 5 (3 lines and 17 syllables)
9. Idyll (Idyl) – peaceful, idealized country scene
10. Lyrics - thoughts and feelings
11. Narrative– tells story
12. Ode -typically serious/meditative nature, type of Lyric
13. Pastoral –rural life in peaceful & romanticized way
14. Sonnet– Lyric poem consists of 14 lines
15. Tanka– Japanese poem: 5 lines, 31 syllables
Philippine Constitutions
Biak Na Bato– pact, thought of 1st Republic.
- Spainards ρáíd P200 000
1. Malolos Constitution- Apolinario Mabini
- rights of soldiers
- no Visayas yet in right of territories
3. 1943 Constitution - Jose P. Laurel
- Japan invades but gave freedom for Phil. to rule.
4. 1973 Constitution – Ferdinand Marcos
- Martial Law – 60days max
- Nat’l Territory forced Kalayaan grp. of Islands & Saba
- past chairwoman: Cecilla Muñoz Palma (Feb 2, 1987)
- Bill of Rights are for the criminals
Some Types Of Governments
1. Communist– classless society
- State plans and controls economy
2. Parliamentary– majority of people voted
3. Republican – power comes from people
Philippine Presidents
(AgQueLaOsRoQuiMagGarMaMarAquiRaEsArAquiDut)
Acts
1. Association Of Sout Easr Asian Nations (ASEAN)
- Myanmar, Cambodia, Laos, Brunei, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Indonesia, Vietnam, Malaysia
2. Bell Trade (Philippine TradE ACT) – bet. Phil. & U.S.
3. Kyoto Protocol (UNNCC)
- fight global warming decreasing green house gases
4. Rio De Janeiro Convention
- environment and sustainable development
5. Tejeros Convention– election
- Bonifacio elected as Director Imperior
6. Treaty On General Relations
- recognition of U.S. to Philippine freedom
7. Underworld-SimmonS ACT – full free foreign trade
8. Payne Aldrich ACT – partial free foreign trade
Missionaries and Expeditions
1. Augustinians – most intelligent
2. Franciscan– sends medical aids
3. Jesuits
4. Dominicans – richest
5. Recolects – most killed schools
Martyr Priests
1. Burgos – youngest, mastermind of secularization
2. Gomez – Oldest, likes “******” and hid there
Homo Habilid– man of steel (bighead, uses muscle)
Homo Erectus – man who discovered fire & clothes
Homo Sapiens – thinking man (can produce materials)
Unfamiliar Branches Of Biology
Anatomu – inner organs
Entomology– insects
Biochemistry– chemical patterns of animals
Ecology – living things bet. Each other in environment
Embryology – developmental patterns fr. zygote-birth
Genetics – heredity
Mycology – fungi
Herpetology – reptiles and amphibians
Histology – plant and animal tissues
Morphology– phenotype (appearance)
Ornithology– birds PARASITOLOGY – parasites
Paleonthology – fossils of animals and plants
Physiology– function of tissue, organ & system
Taxonomy– classification of living organisms
Science Proponents
Carolus Linnaeus – Father of Taxonomy
Robert Hooke– termed “cells” (cellulae)
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek- 1st person to observe microscopic organisms (animal cule)
Robert Brown– discovered Nucleus
Matthias Jakob Schleiden-(Botanist) & THEODORE (Zoologist)
- found all plants consist of cells
Rudolf Virchow– proposed cells come fr. existing cells
Earth's Spheres
Atmosphere – gaseous sphere protection from meteors
Divided into five:
Troposphere
Stratosphere
Mesosphere
Thermosphere
Exosphere
Hydrosphere – water
Lithosphere – oceanic and continental crust
Biosphere – all life forms in Earth
Cryosphere – ice
Anthosphere – ancestors
"Planets & Their Sequence"
1. Sun – 99.86% of Solar System
- believed was formed 4.6 billion years ago
- Responsible for weather and climate
- no satellite and atmosphere
- discovered by Mariner Ten
- Perfect sphere, sister planet of Earth
4. Earth
5. Mars – God of War, red planet (Mariner 9)
6. Jupiter -Gas Giant, fastest rotating planet (10hrs less)
- has Great Red Spot: huge storm for 350yrs
7. Saturn – God of Agriculture (chunks of rocks)
- made mostly of hydrogen
8. Uranus – Frederick William Herscel
- Sky & Ice Giant, 3rd largest planet
#LETReview
-ctto-/ceppee
