1. Venipuncture is a medical procedure that involves puncturing a vein with a needle in order to obtain a blood sample or administer medication or fluids intravenously. It is commonly performed by healthcare professionals such as nurses or phlebotomists.
2. Educating a patient during a venipuncture procedure is important to alleviate any anxiety or fears they may have. Here are some steps to consider:
- Explain the purpose of the procedure and why it is necessary.
- Discuss the steps involved in the procedure, such as cleaning the area, inserting the needle, and collecting the blood.
- Reassure the patient that the procedure is usually quick and relatively painless.
- Answer any questions or concerns the patient may have.
- Provide information on post-procedure care, such as applying pressure to the puncture site and avoiding excessive movement.
3. The devices needed for a venipuncture procedure typically include:
- Sterile needles of appropriate size and gauge
- Blood collection tubes
- ******* swabs or antiseptic solution for cleaning the site
- Gloves
- Tourniquet or elastic band to aid in locating veins
- Gauze or bandages for after the procedure
4. To discontinue an intravenous (IV) infusion, follow these steps:
- Verify the patient's identity and ensure you have the correct patient's IV line.
- Wear gloves and remove any tape or dressing securing the IV line to the patient's skin.
- Apply gentle pressure proximal to the IV site to prevent blood flow.
- Remove the IV catheter or needle swiftly and smoothly while maintaining pressure on the site.
- Apply a sterile dressing or adhesive bandage to the puncture site.
- Document the procedure, including any observations or complications.
5. In the case of a severe bronchospasm reaction, the medication of choice is usually an emergency bronchodilator such as epinephrine (adrenaline). Epinephrine works by relaxing the muscles in the airways, allowing for improved breathing. Other medications, such as corticosteroids or antihistamines, may also be administered depending on the severity and cause of the bronchospasm.
6. If a patient is experiencing urticaria (hives) after the administration of contrast media, the radiographer should inform the attending physician or medical staff immediately. They may need to administer antihistamines or other medications to alleviate the allergic reaction. The patient's vital signs should also be monitored closely, and appropriate medical intervention should be initiated if necessary.
7. When a patient has a known anaphylactic reaction to contrast media, it is crucial to follow a protocol established by the healthcare facility. Typically, this involves premedication with antihistamines and corticosteroids before the administration of contrast media. The patient should be closely monitored for any signs of an allergic reaction, and emergency equipment and medications should be readily available in case of a severe reaction.
8. Parts of an intravenous needle include:
- Hub: The plastic or metal part that connects the needle to the IV tubing or syringe.
- Shaft: The long, slender portion of the needle that is inserted into the vein.
- Bevel: The slanted or angled tip of the needle that aids in puncturing the skin and vein.
- Lumen: The hollow space inside the needle shaft through which fluids or medications are delivered.
9. In radiography, the most commonly used types of intravenous needles include butterfly needles and over-the-needle catheters. Butterfly needles are typically used for short-term access, such as blood collection, and have flexible wings on either side of the hub. Over-the-needle catheters are longer and are used for longer-term access, such as intravenous infusion or contrast administration.
10. In the context of intravenous needles, the term "gauge" refers to the diameter of the needle. It is often denoted by a number, with smaller numbers indicating larger needle diameters. For example, a 20-gauge needle has a larger diameter than a 22-gauge needle. The gauge of the needle is important as it affects the flow rate of fluids or medications, as well as the comfort of the patient during the procedure.
