Bias is a disproportionate weight in favor of or against an idea or thing, usually in a way that is closed-minded, prejudicial, or unfair. Biases can be innate or learned. People may develop biases for or against an individual, a group, or a belief. In science and engineering, a bias is a systematic error. Statistical bias results from an unfair sampling of a population, or from an estimation process that does not give accurate results on average.
A Type II error occurs when:
a.
the null hypothesis is incorrectly rejected when it is true
b.
the test is biased
c.
the sample mean differs from the population mean
d.
the null hypothesis is incorrectly accepted when it is false
Survivorship bias or survival bias is the logical error of concentrating on entities that passed a selection process while overlooking those that did not. This can lead to incorrect conclusions because of incomplete data.
The story goes, In World War II, the US Military examined damaged...